Fetoscopy | Fetal Medicine Specialist | Maternal Fetal Medicine

MRI has been increasingly used for detailed visualization of the fetus in utero as well as pregnancy structures. Yet, the familiarity of radiologists and clinicians with fetal MRI is still limited. This article provides a practical approach to fetal MR imaging. Fetal MRI is an interactive scanning of the moving fetus owed to the use of fast sequences. Single-shot fast spin-echo (SSFSE) T2-weighted imaging is a standard sequence. T1-weighted sequences are primarily used to demonstrate fat, calcification and hemorrhage. Balanced steady-state free-precession (SSFP), are beneficial in demonstrating fetal structures as the heart and vessels.

Fetal MRI ethics

MRI is a noninvasive diagnostic examination that does not involve ionizing radiation with no known associated negative side effects or reported delayed sequels.

Indications for fetal MRI

Indications for fetal MRI include the confirmation of inconclusive sonographic findings and the evaluation of sonographically-occult diagnoses. It is unlikely that MRI will supplant US in the primary evaluation of pregnancy status and fetal well-being.

Fetal MRI

The purpose of this article is to provide a practical approach for radiologists and clinicians to fetal MRI performance and interpretation by adhering to guidelines. Fetal MRI technique, including recent advances, is discussed. The normal developing anatomy of the fetus and pregnancy structures is described to contrast with wide spectrum of abnormalities. Fetal MR appearance is demonstrated using different sequences. The current and future anticipated role of fetal MRI in supporting prenatal counseling, fetal therapy, and research studies are highlighted.

For endocrine problems

Drug discovery and drug development are complex and expensive endeavors undertaken by pharmaceutical companies, academic scientists, and governments. As a result of this complex path from discovery to commercialization, partnering has become a standard practice for advancing drug candidates through development pipelines. Governments generally regulate what drugs can be marketed, how drugs are marketed, and in some jurisdictions,

For the digestive system

Drug discovery and drug development are complex and expensive endeavors undertaken by pharmaceutical companies, academic scientists, and governments. As a result of this complex path from discovery to commercialization, partnering has become a standard practice for advancing drug candidates through development pipelines. Governments generally regulate what drugs can be marketed, how drugs are marketed, and in some jurisdictions,

For the ear, nose and oropharynx

Drug discovery and drug development are complex and expensive endeavors undertaken by pharmaceutical companies, academic scientists, and governments. As a result of this complex path from discovery to commercialization, partnering has become a standard practice for advancing drug candidates through development pipelines. Governments generally regulate what drugs can be marketed, how drugs are marketed, and in some jurisdictions,

For the respiratory system

Drug discovery and drug development are complex and expensive endeavors undertaken by pharmaceutical companies, academic scientists, and governments. As a result of this complex path from discovery to commercialization, partnering has become a standard practice for advancing drug candidates through development pipelines. Governments generally regulate what drugs can be marketed, how drugs are marketed, and in some jurisdictions,

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Although pulmonary medicine only began to evolve as a medical specialty in the 1950s, William Welch and William Osler founded the ‘parent’ organization of the American Thoracic Society, the National Association.