Genes are made up of DNA molecules, which are the building blocks of heredity. They’re grouped together in specific patterns within a person’s chromosomes, forming the unique “blueprint” for every physical and biological characteristic of that person.
Humans have 46 chromosomes, arranged in pairs in every living cell of our bodies. When the egg and sperm join at conception, half of each chromosomal pair is inherited from each parent.
Genetic tests yield complex results. Understanding what they mean is where a genetic counselor comes in. Genetic counselors are professionals who have completed a master’s program in medical genetics and counseling skills.
Most couples planning a pregnancy or who are expecting don’t need genetic counseling. About 3% of babies are born with birth defects each year, says the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Many problems that happen are treatable.
Before you meet with a genetic counselor in person, you may be asked to gather information about your family history. The counselor will want to know of any relatives with genetic disorders, multiple miscarriages, and early or unexplained deaths. The counselor will also want to look over your medical records, including any ultrasounds, prenatal test results, past pregnancies, and medicines you took before or during pregnancy.
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